VOLUME NR 6
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UDK 546.544.543.548
1S. N. Kamolov, 1B. N. Babayev, 2A. N. Qayumov, 3A. B. Ibragimov
STUDY OF A NEW SINGLE CRYSTAL OBTAINED ON THE BASIS OF P-NITROANILINE AND COPPER NITRATE BY PHYSICAL RESEARCH METHODS
1National University of Uzbekistan named after MirzoUlug'bek, 2Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, 3AS RUz Institute of general and inorganic chemistry. E-mail: sanjark855@gmail.com
Abstract. Background. There is a need for coordination compounds that exhibit biological activity. The study of their structures using physical research methods is relevant.
Purpose. Synthesis of the coordination compound of p-nitroaniline with Cu(NO3)2 salt, study of its composition and structure by physical research methods.
Methodology. During the synthesis process, a magnetic stirrer was used, the structure of complex compounds was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared (BrukerInvenioS-2021), ultraviolet (Specord 200 Plus) spectroscopic, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (model: KL). -JS-100A) methods.
Originality. The conditions for the synthesis of coordination compounds with Cu(NO3)2 salt of p-nitroaniline were studied, and their structure was determined by physical research methods.
Findings. P-nitroaniline is a 3d metal coordination compound synthesized with copper metal, the central copper (II) ion is located at the center of the crystallographic inversion. Each of the two p-nitroaniline molecules coordinates a metal ion through a nitrogen atom NH2 the remaining two positions of the coordination sphere are occupied by water molecules.
Key words: p-nitroaniline, biological activity, 3d metal, infrared, ultraviolet spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis.
Highlights:
- p-nitroaniline, reaction of metal salt and water;
- the structure of coordination compounds was analyzed.
References
1. "4-Nitroaniline". St. Louis, Missouri: Sigma-Aldrich. December 18, 2020
2. Booth, G. (2000). Editor. Nitro Compounds, Aromatic. In Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002 14356007.a17_411.
3. Khudoyberganov O. I., Ruzmetov A., Ibragimov A. B., AshurovJ. M., Khasanov S. B., Eshchanov E. U. &Ibragimov B. T. -2022. -Chem. Data Collect. -37. -100802.
4. Ahmed S. A., Hasan M. N., Bagchi D., Altass H. M., Morad M., Jassas R. S., Hameed A. M., Patwari J., Alessa H., Alharbi A. &Pal S. K. //ACS Omega. -2020. -5. -15666–15672.
5. Egorova, K. S. &Ananikov, V. P.//Organometallics.-201736. -4071–4090.
6. Spackman P. R., Turner M. J., McKinnon J. J., Wolff S. K., Grimwood D. J., Jayatilaka D. &Spackman M. A.// J. Appl. Cryst. -2021. -54. -1006–1011.
7. Abdurakhmonov S.F., Umarov B.B., Khudoyarova E.A. Synthesis and study by methods of IR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry of salicylaldehyde malonoylhydrazone // Universum: Chemistry and Biology.-2020.-No 10(76) part 2.-P. 5-9. (in Russian)
8. Tarasevich B.N. IR spectra of the main classes of organic compounds. -2012. (in Russian)
9. Świderski G. et al. Spectroscopic (IR, Raman, UV–Vis) study and thermal analysis of 3d-metalcomplexes with 4-imidazolecarboxylic acid //Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. – 2018.– Т. 134. – No. 1. – P 513-525.
10. Bin Mu, Krista S. Walton. Thermal analysis and heat capacity study of metal_organic frame-works.// J. Phys. Chem. -2011.-115, 22748–22754.
11. Li-Fang Song, Chun-Hong Jiang, Jian Zhang, Li-Xian Sun, Fen Xu, Yun-Qi Tian, Wan-Sheng You, Zhong Cao, Ling Zhang, Dao-Wu. Yang Heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of MgBTC. //J. Therm Anal Calorim.-2010.-101:365–370.
12. Moustafa Ahmed, Yas M Al-Hadeethi, Ahmed Alshahrie, Arwa T Kutbee, Essam R. Shaaban, Ahmed F. Al-Hossainy. Thermal Analysis of a Metal–Organic Framework ZnxCo1-X-ZIF-8 for Recent Applications. //Polymers.-2021.-13, 4051. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13224051
13. B. Mu, K.S. Walton, Thermal analysis and heat capacity study of metal-organic frameworks// J. Phys. Chem. -2011.-22748–22754.-C 115.
14. F.A. Kloutse, R. Zacharia, D. Cossement, R. Chahine, Specific heat capacities of MOF-5, Cu-BTC, Fe-BTC, MOF-177 and MIL-53 (Al) over wide temperature ranges: measurements and application of empirical group contribution method//MicroporousMesoporous Mater. -2015.-1–5.-217.
15. OG Polyachenok, EN Dudkina, LD Polyachenok. Thermal stability and thermodynamics of manganese(II) chloride monohydrate. //Jurnal Chemistry Thermodynamics. -41.-2009.-414–419.
16. RatiramGomaji Chaudhary, Parvej Ali, Nilesh V. Gandhare, Jay A. Tanna, Harjeet D. Juneja. Thermal decomposition kinetics of some transition metal coordination polymers of fumaroylbis (paramethoxyphenylcarbamide) using DTG/DTA techniques. //Arabian Journal of Chemistry. -2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.03.008
To cite this article: S. N. Kamolov, B. N. Babayev, A. N. Qayumov, A. B. Ibragimov. Study of a new single crystal obtained on the basis of p-nitroaniline and copper nitrate by physical research methods // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.3-9.
Received: 22.01.2024; Accepted: 29.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
* * *
UDK 546.11
M. A. Mamirzayev, S. A. Tuychiev
VERIFYING THE FUNCTIONALITY LAWS OF MESOPOROUS CARBON
Uzbekistan-Finland Pedagogical Institute, 140104, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: mashrab87@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. The study of the degree of functionality of carboxyl groups, the influence of mass ratios of reagents on the yield and properties of products is relevant.
Purpose. To determine options for the formation of functional groups on the surface of MGU when modified with zirconium stearate.
Methodology. It has been shown that the formation of functional groups is possible at the level of functionality of mesoporous carbon with a mass ratio (C17H35COOH+ZrO2): MGU of more than 0.4:1 and carboxyl groups of at least 0.6 mmol/g.
Originality. The composition of the reagents was selected in which zirconium atoms are coordinated with the surface of the MSU, and MSU are coordinated with the stearate-zirconate groups, having good compatibility with non-polar solvents.
Findings. It was established that the zirconium (IV) atom, as part of the functional groups, is associated with two stearate ions and two carboxyl groups on the surface of the MGU.
Key words: mesopores, carbon, zirconium, stearic acid, diffraction pattern, IR spectrum, thermogram.
Highlights:
- checking the patterns of functionalization of mesoporous carbon
- the zirconium(IV) atom is bonded to two stearate ions and carboxyl groups.
References
1. Chemical Modification of Thye Inner Walls of Carbon Nanotubes by HNO3 Oxidation / T. Kyotani, S. Nakazaki, W.-H. Xu, A. Tomita // Carbon. -2001. -V. 39. -P. 782 – 785.
2. Oxidation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Nitric Acid /ID Rosca, F. Watari, M. Uo, T. Akasaka // Carbon. -2005. -V. 43. -P. 3124 – 3131.
3. Thye Surface Acidity of Acid Oxidized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Thye Influence of In-situ Generated Fulvic Acids on Thyeir Stability in Aqueous Dispersions / Z. Wang, MD Shirley, ST Meikle et al. // Carbon. -2009. -V. 47. -P. 73-79.
4. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Liquid-Phase Oxidation. Functionalization, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity/G. Ovejero, JL Sotelo, MD Romero et al.//Ind. Eat. Chem. Res.-2006.-V.45. -P. 2206 – 2212.
5. Glebova NV, Nechitaílov AA Functionalization of the Surface of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes // Technical Physics Letters. -2010. -V. 36.-N. 10. -P. 878 – 881.
6. Chemical Oxidation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes / V. Datsyuk, M. Kalyva, K. Papagelis et al. // Carbon. -2008. -V. 46. -P. 833 – 840.
7. Oxidation Behavior of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Different Diameters and Morphology / I. Mazov, VL Kuznesov, IA Simonova et al. // Applied Surface Science. -2012. -V. 258. -P. 6272 –6280.
8. Thye Efficiency of Thye Oxidation of Carbon Nanofibers with Various Oxidizing Agents / A. Rasheyed, JY Howye, MD Dadmun, PF Britt //Carbon. -2007. -V. 45. -P. 1072 – 1080.
9. H2SO4 /HNO3 /HCl–Functionalization and its Effect on Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Media / AG Osorio, ICL Silveira, VL Buyeno, CP Bergmann // Applied Surface Science. -2008.-V.255. -P. 2485 – 2489.
10. Siddique R., Mehta A. Effect of carbon nanotubes on properties of cement mortars. //Construction Build. Mater. -2014;50:116–129.
11. Yu MF, Lourie O., Dyer MJ, Moloney K., Kelly TF, Ruoff RS Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load. -Science.-2000;287:637–640.
12. Walters DA, Ericson LM, Casavant MJ, Liu J. Elastic strain of freely suspended single-wall carbon nanotube ropes.// Appl. Phys. Lett.-1999;74:3803–3805.
13. Hanus M.J, Harris A.T. Nanotechnology innovations for the construction industry. //Prog. Mater. Sci. -2013;58:1056–1102.
14 .Tian M., Wang W., Liu Y., Jungjohann KL, Harris CT, Lee YC, Yang R. A three-dimensional carbon nano-network for high performance lithium ion batteries.//Nano Energy. -2015;11:500–509.
15 . Liu Y., Yu L., Zhang S., Yuan J., Shi L., Zheng L. Dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by ionic liquid-type gemini imidazolium surfactants in aqueous solution. //Coll. Surf. A.-2010;359:66–70.
16. Ma PC, Siddiqui NA, Marom G., Kim JK Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: A review. Comp. Part A. 2010;41:1345–1367.
17. Fogden S., Howard CA, Heenan RK, Skipper NT, Shaffer MS Scalable method for the reductive dissolution, purification, and separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes.//ACS Nano.- 2012;6:54–62.
18. Parveen S., Rana S., Fangueiro R., Paiva MC Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced cementitious composites developed using a novel dispersion technique. //Cem. Concr. Res. 2015;73:215–227.
19. Han B., Sun S., Ding S., Zhang L., Yu X., Ou J. Review of nanocarbon-engineered multifunc-tional cementitious composites.//Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf.-2015;70:69–81.
20. Molina-Sabio M., Gonçalves M., Rodríguez-Reinoso F. Oxidation of activated carbon with aqueous solution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate: Effect on ammonia adsorption.//Microporous Mesoporous Mater. -2011;142:577–584.
21. Bleda-Martínez MJ, Lozano-Castelló D., Morallón E., Cazorla-Amorósa D., Linares-Solano A. Chemical and electrochemical characterization of porous carbon materials.//Carbon. -2006;44:2642–2651.
22. Zubizarreta L., Menéndez JA, Job N., Marco-Lozar JP, Pirard JP, Pis JJ, Linares-Solano A., Cazorla-Amorós D., Arenillas A. Ni-doped carbon xerogels for H2 storage.//Carbon. -2010;48:2722–2733.
23. Barrientos-Ramírez S., Montes de Oca-Ramírez G., Ramos-Fernández EV, Sepúlveda-Escribano A., Pastor-Blas MM, González-Montiel A., Rodríguez-Reinoso F. Influence of the surface chemistry of activated carbons on the ATRP catalysis of methyl methacrylate polymerization.//Appl. Catal. A. -2011;397:225–233.
24. Mostazo-López MJ, Ruiz-Rosas R., Morallón E., Cazorla-Amorósa D. Generation of nitrogen functionalities on activated carbons by amidation reactions and Hofmann rearrangement: Chemical and electrochemical characterization.//Carbon.-2015;91:252–265.
25. Aslanov, S.C., Buxorov, A.Q., Fayzullayev, N.I. Catalytic synthesis of С2-С4-alkenes from dimethyl ether// International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology.-2021.-69(4).-P. 67–75
26. Fayzullaev N. I. et al. Catalytic change of C1-C4-alkanes //International Journal of Control and Automation. – 2020. – Т. 13. – No. 2. – P. 827-835.
27. Omanov, B.S., Fayzullaev, N.I., Xatamova, M.S. Vinyl acetate production technolo-gy//International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology.-2020.-29(3).-P. 4923–4930
28. Tursunova, N.S., Fayzullaev, N.I. Kinetics of the reaction of oxidative dimerization of me-thane//International Journal of Control and Automation.-2020.-13(2).-P. 440–446.
29. Fajzullaev, N.I., Fajzullaev, O.O. Kinetic regularities in reaction of the oxidizing condensation of methane on applied oxide catalysts // Khimicheskaya Promyshlennost.-2004, (4).-P. 204–207 (in Russian)
To cite this article: M. A. Mamirzayev, S. A. Tuychiev. Verifying the functionality laws of mesoporous carbon // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.9-18.
Received: 11.12.2023; Accepted: 26.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 631.833.2
1G. B. Temirov, 1U. K. Alimov, 2B. O. Numanov, 1Sh. S. Namazov, 1D. A. Kaymakova
STUDY OF THE FILTRATION RATE OF A SUSPENSION OBTAINED BASED ON THE CONVERSION OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM FROM KYZYKUM PHOSPHORITE WITH SODIUM CARBONATE
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 2Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, Kokand, Uzbekistan
Abstract. Background. A waste product from the production of phosphate fertilizers is phosphogypsum (PG). About 7 billion tons of it have already been accumulated in the world, with an annual increase of up to 180 million tons. At Ammofos-Maxam JSC, ammophos is produced from washed, calcined phosphorite concentrate with a calcium modulus of 1.9-2.0, with the consumption of sulfuric acid 4.3-4.4 tons and an increase of 7.2-7.8 tons of phosphogypsum in dumps.
Purpose. Study of the filtration process of a conversion suspension obtained from the interaction of phosphogypsum with sodium carbonate.
Methodology. The conversion of phosphogypsum was studied in a reactor with stirring at 250 rpm. The stoichiometry of the sodium carbonate norm was taken as 100% at its 30% concentration. The conversion coefficient was calculated, and the phosphomel composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF, Epsilon 4 USA).
Scientific novelty. The influence of conversion duration and conversion factor on the suspension filtration rate was determined.
Originality. The optimal conversion condition was found: stoichiometric rate of sodium carbonate 100%, concentration 20%, time 60 min. The phosphogypsum conversion rate is 96.71%. The filtration rate was found, which is acceptable for the hardware design of the process of sodium sulfate and building chalk.
Key words: phosphogypsum, sodium carbonate, conversion, filtration rate, conversion coefficient, phosphomel.
Highlights:
- increasing the conversion time of FG with Na2CO3 increases the conversion ratio;
- an increase in the conversion ratio reduces the filtration rate of the suspension.
References
1. USGS, 2017. GeologicalSurvey, 2017, Mineral commodity summaries 2017: U.S. Geological Survey, 202 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180197
2. Angelov A.I., Levin B.V., Klassen P.V. World production and consumption of phosphate raw materials // Mining journal. – Moscow.-2003. - No. 4-5. - S. 6-11.
3. El-Didamony H., Ali M.M., Awwad N.S., Fawzy M.M., Attallah M.F. Treatment of phosphogypsum waste using suitable organic extractants // Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. -2012. – 291(3).-Рр. 907-914.
4. Hammas-Nasri I., Horchani-Naifer K., Férid M., Barca D. Production of a rare earths concentrate after phosphogypsum treatment with dietary NaCl and Na2CO3 solutions // Minerals Engineering. -132.-2019. –Рр. 169-174.
5. Beglov B.M., Namazov Sh.S. Phosphorites of the Central Kyzylkum and their processing. – Tashkent, 2013. -460 p. (in Russian)
6. Mohammad S. Al-Hwaiti, Omar A. Al-Khashman, Mou’ath Al-Shaweesh and Aya H. Almohtasib. Potentially utilizations of Jordan phosphogypsum: a review.// International Journal of Current Research. -2019. -V. 11. -N 04. -P.3258-3262. DOI:10.24941/ijcr.35160.04.2019.
7. Vlasjan S.V., Voloshin N.D., Shestozub A.B. Producing calcium nitrate and rare-earth element concentrates by phosphogypsum conversion. ISSN 1392 – 1231. //Chemical Technology. -2014. -М. -2. -N 6. -P. 58-62. DOI: 10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6024
8. Artamonov A.V., Smirnova D.N., Smirnov N.N., Ilyin A.P. Extraction of rare earth elements from solid waste from phosphoric acid production with subsequent sorption on cation exchange resins. //Izv. universities Chemistry and chem. technology. -2017. -T. 60. - Issue. 10. -P. 87−93 (in Russian)
9. Shabelskaya N.P., Podkovyrina Yu.S., Skorynina A.A., Vasilyeva E.A., Yakovenko E.A. Features of the synthesis of inorganic luminescent material from phosphogypsum. //Izv. universities Chemistry and chem. technology. -2020. -T. 63. - Issue. 10. -P. 46-52. (in Russian)
10. Wang J., Dong F., Wang Z., Yang F., Du M., Fu K., Wang Z. A novel method for purification of phosphogypsumPhysicochem. //Probl. Miner. Process. -2020. -V. 56. -N 5. -P. 975-983. DOI: 10.37190/ppmp/127854.
11. Hilton, Julian, Phosphogypsum (PG): Uses and Current Handling Practices Worldwide, Pro-ceedings //of the 25th Annual Lakeland Regional Phosphate Conference. -October 13-14. 2010. -London UK.
12. Gennari R.F., Garcia I., Medina N.H., Silveira M.A.G. Phosphogypsum analysis: total content and extractable element concentrations.// International Nuclear Atlantic Conference. -Brazil. -October 24-28. -2011. -P. 9.
13. Novikov A.A., Chub I.F. Phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers and feed phosphates in the XI and XII five-year plans // Journal. All chem. society named after D.I. Mendeleev. – Moscow.-1983. -T. 28.-No. 4. - pp. 371-376. (in Russian)
14. Kolokolnikov V.A., Shatov A.A. Processing of phosphogypsum into sodium sulfate and technical calcium carbonate. //Chemistry for sustainable development. -2008. -16. -P. 409-413. (in Russian)
15. Mulopo1 J., Ikhu-Omoregbe D. Phosphogypsum Conversion to Calcium Carbonate and Utilization for Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage.// J. ChemEng& Process Technol. -2012. -V. 3. -N 2. -P. 2-6. DOI:10.4172/2157-7048.1000129.
16. Ennaciri Y., Bettach M., Cherrat A., Zegzouti A. Conversion of phosphogypsum to sodium sulfate and calcium carbonate in aqueous solution. //J. Mater. Environ. Sci. -2016. -V. 7. -N 6. -P. 1925-1933.
17. Abdel Wahab S.M., Gado H.S., Taha M.H., and Roshdy O.E. Application of Full Factorial Design to Improve Phosphogypsum Conversion Process to Calcium Carbonate. //J. Bas. &Environ. Sci.-2017. -N 4. -P. 339-350.
18. Trendafelov D., Christov Ch., Balarew Ch., Karapetkova A. Study of the conversion of CaSO4 to CaCO3 within the CaSO4 + Na2CO3 = CaCO3 + Na2SO4 four-component water–salt system. //Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. -1995. -V. 60. -P. 2107-2111.
19. Sh.El.Rafie, H.H.El. Ghytany, R. Ramadan, M.H. Gaber. Treatment and Purification of Phosphogypsum, Egypt.//J.Chem. -2019.-Vol. 62.-Special Issue (Part 1).-Рp. 243 – 250.
20. TemirovG., AlimovU., SeytnazarovА.,TojievR., NamazovSh., and HonkeldievaМ. Study of phosphogypsum conversion from Kyzylkumphosphorites with soda ash solution. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1142 (2023) 012066. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1142/1/012066
To cite this article: G. B. Temirov, U. K. Alimov, B. O. Numanov, Sh. S. Namazov, D. A. Kaymakova. Study of the filtration rate of a suspension obtained based on the conversion of phosphogypsum from Kyzykum phosphorite with sodium carbonate // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.18-24.
Received: 29.12.2023; Accepted: 22.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 631.846:321
A. N. Ahmadjonov, U. K. Alimov, T. J. Pirimov, D. A. Kaymakova, Sh. S. Namazov
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRIC ACID PROCESSING PRODUCTS OF SERPENTINITE FROM ARVATENS DEPOSIT
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Abstract. Background. In magnesium technology, the stage of raw material enrichment is one of the most important. In the republic these include the Arvaten serpentinites. It was necessary to study the composition and properties of the nitric acid suspension from this raw material, and the filtrate for its further industrial processing.
Purpose. Study of the composition, rheological properties of nitric acid suspension and filtrate of serpentinite from the Arvaten deposit.
Methodology. The decomposition of serpentinite with nitric acid, 20-50%, at a rate of 90 and 100% of stoichiometry, was carried out at 80 and 90°C, stirring, for 3 hours. After decomposition, the suspension was filtered. The proportions of CaO, MgO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 were determined complexometrically, nitrogen - by the Kjeldahl method.
Originality. The dependence of changes in the composition and rheology of the filtrate and suspension on concentration, nitric acid rate and temperature has been established. Optimal conditions for processing serpentinite in industry have been found.
Findings. It has been shown that an increase in the concentration of nitric acid to 50% and a norm of 100% of stoichiometry leads to thickening at 20 and 40°C. On the other hand, at the same time, rheology indicators increase, and an increase in temperature reduces the rheological indicators of the suspension. The optimal concentration and rate of HNO3 are 30% and 100%, temperature 90°C, time 3 hours.
Key words: serpentinite, nitric acid, rate, composition, density, viscosity, temperature.
Highlights:
- an increase in HNO3 concentration above 50% leads to thickening of the suspension;
- an increase in the HNO3 rate reduces the content of components in the filtrate;
- an increase in temperature reduces the density and viscosity of the nitric acid suspension
References
1. Sanakulov Q.S., Muhitdinov B.F., Hasanov A.S. Chemical elements: a guide. - Tashkent: Muharrir publishing house, 2019. - 448 p. (in Uzbek)
2. Wulandari W., Brooks G.A., Rhamdhani M.A., Monaghan B.J.Magnesium: current and alternative production routes // Conference Paper.-August 2010. https://www.researchgate.net /publication/258278648.
3. Zang, J.C. & Ding, W. 'The Pidgeon Process in China and Its Future', Magnesium technology 2001, Warrendale, PA, TMS.p. 7-10.
4. https://www.metalresearch.ru/magnesium_market.html.
5. Das S.'Primary Magnesium Production Costs for Automotive Applications'//Journalof the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society.-Vol.60.-No. 11.-2008.-Р. 63-69.
6. Habashi, F. 'Magnesium'. Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy. Winheim, Wiley-VCH.-1997.
7. Evans J.W. (2007), 'The Evolution of Technology for Light Metals over the Last 50 Years: Al, Mg, and Li'// Journal of the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society.-Vol.59.-No. 2.-Р. 30-38.
8. Ramakrishnan, S. & Koltun, P. (2004), 'Global Warming Impact of the Magnesium Produced in China using the Pidgeon Process', Resources Conservation & Recycling.-Vol.42.-No. 1.-Р. 49-64.
9. Wadsley, M.W. (2000) 'Magnesium Metal by the Heggie-Iolaire Process'//Magnesium Technology. The Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society.-Р. 65-70.
10. Krishnan A., Lu X.G. & Pal U.B. (2005). 'Solid Oxide Membrane Process for Magnesium Production Directly from Magnesium Oxide'//Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B.-Vol.36B.-No. 4.-Р. 463-473.
11. Brooks G., Trang S., Witt, P., Khan, M.N.H. & Nagle, M. (2006), 'Carbothermic Route to Magnesium'// Journal of Minerals, Metals and Materials Society.-Vol.58.-No. 5. -Р. 51-55.
12. Krasnoshchekova D.V., PerederinYu.V., Usoltseva I.O. Processing of serpentinite-containing mineral raw materials: Current state of technology, Physical and technical problems in science, industry and medicine.-2019, 22. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/249319697.pdf.
13. Kalinichenko I.I., Gabdullin A.N. Nitric acid non-waste processing of serpentinite // Chemical technology. -2008. - No. 6. -Рp. 244-245.
14. PerederinYu.V., Usoltseva I.O., Krasnoshchekova D.A. The main technologies for obtaining magnesium oxide from serpentinite// Polzunovskiy Bulletin.-2.-2019. -Рp. 123-127. https://doi.org10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921. 2019.02.024.
15. Sierra C., Chouinard S., Pasquier L. C. , Mercier G., Blais J. F. Feasibility Study on the Utilization of Serpentine Residues for Mg(OH)2 Production. Waste Biomass Valor. 07 April 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9926-9
16. GOST 27097-86. Standard sample of serpentinite. M.: Publishing house of standards, 1987. - 11 p.
17. M.M. Vinnik, L.N. Erbanova P.M. Zaitsev, Methods of analysis of phosphate raw materials, phosphate and complex fertilizers, fodder phosphates. -Moscow: Chemistry, 1975, 112-118, DOI 10.21608/EJCHEM.2021.94546.4444.
18. Ahmadjonov A., Alimov U., Tuychi P., Seitnazarov A., Reimov A., Namazov Sh.and SadullayevS. Effect of temperature on the kinetics of the process of nitric acid decomposition of Arvaten serpentinite. //IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1142 (2023) 012034. https://doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1142/1/012034
To cite this article: A. N. Ahmadjonov, U. K. Alimov, T. J. Pirimov, D. A. Kaymakova, Sh. S. Namazov. Rheological properties of nitric acid processing products of serpentinite from Arvatens deposit // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.24-30.
Received: 19.01.2024; Accepted: 30.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 666.193.2/363.3
1M. N. Kazakova, 1A. A. Eminov, 1M. Toreniyazov, 2T. U. Pardaev
CHEMICAL-MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF SERPENTINITES OF THE ARVATENSK DEPOSIT
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2Yangier branch of the Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, E-mail: kazakova.munira@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. One of the problems of the silicate industry is the expansion of the raw material base. The most acceptable raw materials for the production of thermal insulation materials are serpentinites
Purpose. Study of the mineralogical composition and structure of serpentinites of the Arvaten deposit for the production of heat-insulating materials.
Methodology. Methods of chemical analytical, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopic, and energy dispersive research were used.
Originality. The composition and morphology of serpentinite rocks from the Arvaten deposit were determined to establish their suitability for the production of thermal insulation materials for various purposes.
Findings. The content of the main rock-forming oxides and the composition of the components of the Arvaten serpentinite were determined. The morphological structure of the samples was studied. The results indicate their suitability for producing heat-insulating materials using stone casting methods.
Key words: serpentinite, mineral, thermal insulation, mineralogy, X-ray phase analysis
Highlights:
- the elemental compositions of serpentinite rock have been established;
- silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium in the composition;
- the mineralogical composition and structure of serpentinite were determined;
- serpentinites, olivines, serpentine, actinolite and magnetite were identified.
References
1. Gorlov Yu.P., Merkin A.P., Ustenko A.A. Technology of thermal insulation materials, textbook. for universities - M.: Stroyizdat, 1980.-399 p. (in Russian)
2. Kadyrova Z.R., Bugaenko V.A., Usmanov Kh.L., Sabirov B.T., Khodzhaev N.T. The influence of heat treatment on the chemical and mineralogical composition of serpentinite rocks. //Uzbek chemical. magazine. – 2009.-N6.- P.41-44. (in Russian)
3. Goldin B.A., Kozaru T.V., Kuznetsov I.G. Forsterite ceramics for radio electronics based on serpentinites of the KOMI Republic. // Abstract. Dokl. All-Russian Conf. -Syktyvkar. -2001. -P. 177. (in Russian)
4. Promising raw materials for forsterite ceramics / Goldin B.A., Tregubov S.V., Dudkin B.N., Ryabkov Yu.I., Kozaru T.V. // Abstract. report All-Russian scientific and practical conf. -Moscow. -2000. -P. 34-37. (in Russian)
5. Ergeshov A.M. Fimushkin L.I. Geological and economic monitoring of the state and use of the mineral resource base of non-metallic raw materials in Uzbekistan. -Tashkent: Publishing house, 2005. -161 p. (in Russian)
6. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 No. UP-60. About the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026. https://lex.uz › (in Russian)
7. Khodzhaev N.T., On the prospects for searching for ore and non-metallic raw materials in serpentinite development areas. //Tr. N.T. Conf. “Modern problems of geology of development of the mineral resource base of the Republic of Uzbekistan.” -T. - 2007. -P.115-118. (in Russian)
8. Khamidov R.A., Panchenkova L.A. Resources of magnesium refractory raw materials of Uzbekistan // Geology and mineral resources. - 2000. - No. 3. - P.25-27. (in Russian)
9. Lukin E.S., Andrianov N.T. Technical analysis and control of ceramic production. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1986. -86-94 p. (in Russian)
10. Botvinkin O.K., Klikovsky G.I., Manuylov L.A., Laboratory workshop on general technology of silicates and technical analysis of building materials. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1966. –P.76-93. (in Russian)
11. Kovba L.M., Trunov V.K. X-ray phase analysis. -M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1969. -160 p. (in Russian)
12. Tolkachev S.S. Tables of interplanar distances. -L.: Chemistry, 1968. -132 p. (in Russian)
13. ASTM - X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data File American Society for Testing and Materials., Philadelphia, Pa, 1988.
14. Polonyankin D. A., Blesman A. I., Postnikov D. V., Teploukhov A. A. Theoretical foundations of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analysis of nanomaterials: textbook. allowance / [D. A. Polonyankin and others]; Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, Omsk State Technical University. – Omsk: Omsk State Technical University Publishing House, 2019. – 116 p. (in Russian)
15. Zhu W., Wang Zh. L., Kaminskaya T.P. Scanning electron microscopy for nanotechnology. Methods and application / ed. U. Zhur., J. L. Wanga, T. P. Kaminskaya; lane from English - 4th ed., electronic. -M.: Knowledge Laboratory, 2021.-601 p. (in Russian)
16. Vlasov A.I., Elsukov K.A., Kosolapov I.A. Electron microscopy: textbook. allowance. -M.: Publishing house of MSTU named after N.E. Bauman, 2011.-168 p. (in Russian)
To cite this article: M. N. Kazakova, A. A. Eminov, M. Toreniyazov, T. U. Pardaev. Chemical-mineralogical composition and structure of serpentinites of the Arvatensk deposit // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.31-37.
Received: 24.01.2024; Accepted: 31.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 666.646.364
Al. A. Eminov, J. J. Sulaymonov, S. S. Tairov, A. A. Eminov
COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASS USING METALLURGICAL WASTE
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. E-mail: saidamir0232@yandex.ru
Abstract. Background. One of the directions for recycling industrial waste is the use of iron-containing dust from gas purification for the preparation of ceramic masses in order to obtain facing slabs.
Purpose. Study of the properties of iron-containing waste - gas purification dust in metallurgy, development of ceramic compositions for facing slabs.
Methodology. Methods of chemical and x-ray phase analysis were used. The physical and mechanical indicator is determined according to GOST 6141-91 and O’zSt 823-97.
Originality.The possibility of introducing 5-25% iron-containing waste into the composition of the ceramic mass of facing slabs - dust from gas purification of metallurgical industries, due to sintering and recrystallization, with the formation of minerals g-hematite- g-Fe2O3, α-hematite α-Fe2O3, partially wustite FeO, fayalite Fe2SiO4, quartz SiO2 and pyrite FeS2.
Findings. The chemical and mineralogical composition of gas purification dust has been determined. It was revealed that the introduction of 5-25% of it has a positive effect on the intensification of sintering and the physical and mechanical properties of ceramics.
Key words: ceramic, facing tiles, metallurgical waste, gas purification dust, dune sand, pegmatite, bentonite, kaolin.
Highlights:
- the introduction of 5-25% gas purification dust leads to a decrease in temperature;
- at high temperatures α, γ-hematite, fayalite, quartz, and pyrite are formed.
References
1. Moroz I.I. Technology of building ceramics. -Moscow: Publishing house. EKOLIT, 2011. -383 p. (in Russian)
2. Kanaev V.K. New technology of building ceramics. -M.: Stroyizdat, 1990. -263 p. (in Russian)
3. Pavlova I.A., Zemlyanoy K.G., Farafontova E.P. Fundamentals of technology of non-metallic and silicate materials. -Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House, 2020.-192 p. (in Russian)
4. Vakalova T.V., Khabas T.A., Reva I.B. Workshop on the basics of technology of refractory non-metallic and silicate materials. -Tomsk: Publishing house Tomsk PU, 2013.- 176 p. (in Russian)
5. Guryeva V.A. Design of production of building ceramics products. -Orenburg, 2013.-179 p. (in Russian)
6. Botvinkin O.K., Klikovsky G.I., Manuylov L.A. Laboratory workshop on general silicate technology and technical analysis of building materials. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1966. –P.76-93. (in Russian)
7. Kadyrova Z.R., Bugaenko V.A., Eminov A.A., Sabirov B.T. Study of raw materials resources and industrial waste of Uzbekistan for the production of refractory materials // Refractories and technical ceramics. -2010.-No.4.-P.64-67. (in Russian)
8. Goncharov Yu.I. Raw materials of the silicate industry. -M.: ed. Association of Construction Universities, 2009. -123 p. (in Russian)
9. Geological and economic monitoring of the state and use of the mineral resource base of nonmetallic raw materials in Uzbekistan. Report on topic No. 647 for 2003-2005. Tashkent, 2005 Leading executive Ergeshev A.M. and others, Research Institute of Mineral Resources (IMR) of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Geology and Mineral Resources. (in Russian)
10. Kovba L.M., Trunov V.K. X-ray phase analysis. -M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1969. -160 p. (in Russian)
11. Tolkachev S.S. Tables of interplanar distances. -L.: Chemistry, 1968.-132 p. (in Russian)
12. ASTM – X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data File American Society for Testing and Materials. -Philadelphia: Pa, 1988. (in Russian)
13. Poluboyarinov D.N., Popilsky R.Ya. Workshop on ceramics and refractories technology. -M.: Stroyizdat, 1972.- 354 p. (in Russian)
14. Chemical technology of ceramics. Edited by I.Ya.Guzman. -Moscow: LLC RIF "Stroymaterialy", 2003.-496 p. (in Russian)
15. GOST 6141-91. Glazed ceramic tiles for interior wall cladding. Technical conditions. (in Russian)
To cite this article: Al. A. Eminov, J. J. Sulaymonov, S. S. Tairov, A. A. Eminov. Composition and properties of ceramic mass using metallurgical waste // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.37-42.
Received: 26.01.2024; Accepted: 31.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 666.622
1O. O. Zhanabaev, 2A. M. Eminov, 2Т. U. Pardaev, 1A. P. Purkhanatdinov
THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS BASED ON RAW MATERIAL RESOURCES OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2Yangier branch of the Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, E-mail: orazimbet26@gmail.com
Abstract. Background. The need for thermal insulation materials is growing in Karakalpakstan. Due to the shortage of clay raw materials, expanding the local raw material base and developing the required products based on it is urgent.
Purpose. Study of chemical and mineralogical compositions and determination of the suitability of raw materials for the production of thermal insulation materials with specified properties.
Methodology. The studies were carried out using chemical-analytical, X-ray diffraction and other research methods adopted in the technology of silicate materials.
Originality. The chemical-mineralogical, granulometric compositions and suitability of clays from the Kushkanatau and North-Jamansay deposits for the production of thermal insulation materials have been determined.
Findings. The content of oxides was determined, the mineralogical composition of clays was studied. The results obtained indicate the suitability of the raw material for the production of thermal insulation materials.
Key words: clay, deposit, mineral, thermal insulation, X-ray phase analysis, fraction.
Highlights:
- the mineralogical composition of the clays of Karakalpakstan has been established;
- silicon, aluminum, iron, alkaline earth elements in the composition were determined;
- the content of clay and rocky minerals was determined.
References
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated January 28, 2022 No. UP-60 On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026. https://lex.uz › (in Russian)
2. Augustinik A.I. Ceramics. - Leningrad: Stroyizdat, 1975. - 592 p. (in Russian)
3. Budnikov P.P. Chemical technology of building materials. -M.: Publishing house. lit. according to construction, 1972. -545 p. (in Russian)
4. Burlakov G.S. Fundamentals of technology of ceramics and artificial porous aggregates. Textbook for colleges. -Moscow: "Higher School", 1972. -424 p. (in Russian)
5. Gorlov Yu.P., Merkin A.P., Ustenko A.A. Technology of thermal insulation materials. Textbook for universities. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1980.-399 p. (in Russian)
6. Botvinkin O.K., Klikovsky G.I., Manuylov L.A. Laboratory workshop on general silicate technology and technical analysis of building materials. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1966. –P.76-93.
7. Kadyrova Z.R., Purxanatdinov A.P., Niyazova Sh.M. Study of Karakalpakstan bentonite clay for producing ceramic heat-insulating materials.// Refractories and Industrial Ceramics. -2021. -Vol. 61. -No 5. -P. 478-480.
8. Kadyrova Z.R., Purkhanatdinov A.P., Niyazova Sh.M. Physico-chemical study of bentonite clays of Karakalpakstan for the production of ceramic heat-insulating materials. // New refractories. -2020.- No. 8. -P.3-5. (in Russian)
9. Samanov Zh.S., Kurbaniyazov K.K., Ibragimov O.Zh. Geology and minerals of Karakalpakstan. – Tashkent: Publishing house. "FAN", 1972. -145 p. (in Russian)
10. Eminov A.M., Abdurakhmanov A.K., Uteniyazov K.K., Khozhametova B.K. Bentonite clays of Karakalpakstan and ways of using them in the production of ceramic materials.// Uzbek Chemical Journal. -No. 2. -1998. -P.46-49. (in Russian)
11. Kurbaniyazov K.K., Zakirov M.Z. Bentonites of Karakalpakstan. -Tashkent: Publishing house. “FAN” UzSSR, 1979.-160 p. (in Russian)
12. Kovba L.M., Trunov V.K. X-ray phase analysis. -M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1969. -160 p. (in Russian)
13. Tolkachev S.S. Tables of interplanar distances. -L.: Chemistry, 1968.-132 p. (in Russian)
14. ASTM – X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data File American Society for Testing and Materials. -Philadelphia: Pa, 1988. (in Russian)
To cite this article: O. O. Zhanabaev, A. M. Eminov, Т. U. Pardaev, A. P. Purkhanatdinov. Thermal insulation materials based on raw material resources of Karakalpakstan // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.42-48.
Received: 26.01.2024; Accepted: 31.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 577.4(575.1)+631.6.02
N. A. Ulashova, B. KH. Kucharov, A. U. Erkaev, R. N. Kim, A. M. Reimov
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES OF SULFATE SALTS
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2Karakalpak State University, Nukus, Karakalpakstan
Abstract. Background. Chlorine-free potassium fertilizers in agricultural chlorophobic crops such as potatoes, grapes, vegetables and citrus fruits, then the use of nitrate, sulfate and other potassium compounds does not lose its importance. In this regard, it is important to produce potassium sulfate based on continuous conversion technology of flotation potassium chloride with sulfate-containing salts and to expand the range of chlorine-free potash products.
Purpose. Study of the physico-chemical properties of sulfate salts of the Aral region for the production of potassium sulfate.
Methodology. The study of physicochemical systems by the isothermal method, determination of the elemental composition and morphological studies of samples were carried out according to the approved methodology.
Originally. The solubility diagram of the system 2Na+, 2К+, Mg2+, //SO42-, 2Cl- - Н2О was theoretically analyzed by the isothermal method at temperatures of 25, 50 and 75°C. It has been established that the salt deposits of the Aral region mainly consist of sodium or magnesium sulfates and/or their mixtures at certain ratios.
Findings. From a theoretical analysis of the system 2К+, 2 Na+, Mg2+//2 Cl- , SO4-2-H2O it was established that at 0°C the volume fraction of schoenite reaches more than 24%, at 25°C the volume fraction of astrakhanite is 15%, and at 75°C the share Glaserite reaches more than 30%.
Key words: system, component, equilibrium, crystallization, astrakhanite, glaserite, schenite, potassium sulfate, diagram, technology, fertilizer.
Highlights:
- theoretical analysis of complex reciprocal 2Na+, 2К+, Mg2+, //SO42-, 2Cl- - Н2О by the isothermal method at temperatures of 25, 50 and 75°C.
- a method for processing sulfate salts in the presence of potassium chloride in 3 directions has been proposed.
References
1. Dokholova A.N., Karmyshev V.F., Sidorina L.V. Production and use of ammonium phosphates.-M.: Chemistry, 1986.-P.23 1 (in Russian)
2. Construction projects: potassium and NPK production // World of fertilizers and pesticides. - 1997. - No. 2. - P. 42. (in Russian)
3. Grabovenko V.A. Production of chlorine-free potash fertilizers. – L.: Chemistry, 1980. – 256 p. (in Russian)
4. Normamatov F.Kh., Erkaev A.U., Dadakhodzhaev A.T., Toirov Z.K., Kucharov B.Kh. Study of the process of obtaining potassium nitrate. //UNIVERSUM: technical sciences.-2019. - No. 9 (66).-P.71-76. (in Russian)
5. Research on the Carbonization Process of Potassium Chloride Solutions in the Presence of Diethylamine. // International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE).-Bosma.-Volume-8.-Issue-9S2.-2019. ISSN: 2278-3075. Erkaev A.U., Toirov Z.K., Kucharov B.Kh., A.N. Bobokulov. https://www.ijitee.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v8i9S2/I10480789S219.pdf (in Russian)
6. Turakulov B. B., Erkayev A. U., Kucharov B. X., Toirov Z. K. Physical-chemical and Technological Bases of Producing Pure Potassium Hydroxide in Combined Method. // International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology.-Vol. 29. -No. 6s (2020): Vol 29 No 6s (2020) (Special Issue) http:// sersc. org/ journals/ index. php/IJAST/issue/view/275. – P.1126 – 1134.http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/9205/5089 (in Russian)
7. Zhovlieva M.A., Erkaev A.U., Kucharov B.Kh., Ismoilov D., Eshmetova D. Study of the process of obtaining potassium sulfate.//Materials of the Republican remote online conference on the topic “Scientific and practical research in Uzbekistan” , part 16.-Tashkent.-2020. –P. 38-40. (in Russian)
8. Normamatov F.Kh., Erkaev A.U., Toirov Z.K., Sharipova Kh.T. Study of the process of obtaining potassium chloride from sylvinite in the presence of ammonia // Uzbek Chemical Journal.-2009. -No. 2. -P.26-28. (in Russian)
9. Pozin M.E. Technology of mineral fertilizers. –L.: Chemistry, 1983. – 336 p. (in Russian)
10. A.s. 1248650, MPKS01D9/10, B01J47/02. Method for producing potassium nitrate. Published 07.08.86 // Bulletin No. 29 (in Russian)
11. A.s. 1572997, IPC S01D9/08. Method for producing potassium nitrate. Publ. 06.23.90 // Bulletin. No. 23, 1990. (in Russian)
12. Experimental data on the solubility of multicomponent water-salt systems: Handbook. – St. Petersburg: Khimizdat, 2004.-T.2, book. 1-2. -1247 p. (in Russian)
13. Zdanovsky A.B. etc. Handbook on the solubility of multicomponent water-salt systems. Volume 2. Four-component and more complex systems. -Leningrad: 1954. -1273 p. (in Russian)
14. Kogan V.B., Ogorodnikov S.K., Kafarov V.V. Solubility Handbook. Volume 3. Book three. -Leningrad: 1970. -1221 p.
15. Zdanovsky A.B. etc. Handbook on the solubility of multicomponent water-salt systems. Volume 1. Three-component systems. -Leningrad: 1953. - 670 p. (in Russian)
16. Kogan V.B., Ogorodnikov S.K., Kafarov V.V. Solubility Handbook. Volume 3. Book two. -Leningrad: 1969. - 1170 p. (in Russian)
17. A.G. Bergman, N.P. Luzhnaya. Physico-chemical basis for the study and use of salt deposits of the chloride-sulfate type. -M.: Publishing house. AN USSR, 1951. -228 pp. (in Russian)
18. Kurnakov N. S., Nikolaev V. I. Proceedings of the sector of physical and chemical analysis // Izv. Sect.physics. chem. anal IONH. USSR.-1938.-10.-S. 333-336.
19. Soliev L. // Journal. physical chemistry. -1980.-T.54. -No. 6. -P.1541. (in Russian)
20. Soliev L., Goroshenko Ya.T., Gornikova M.A., Patrilyak N.M. //Ukr. chem. female - 1991. -T.57.- No. 4. -P.351. (in Russian)
21. Goroshenko Ya.G. Masscentric method for imaging multicomponent systems. – Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1982.- 264 p. (in Russian)
22. Soliev L. Prediction of phase equilibria in a multicomponent marine-type system by the translation method (book 2). – Dushanbe: Shukhoiyon, 2011. -147 p. (in Russian)
23. Patrick Echlin. Handbook of Sample Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis.//Cambridge Analytical Microscopy. -UK, Springer. -2009. -330p.
24. Makoto Otsuka and Hajime Kinoshita. Quantitative Determination of Hydrate Content of Theophylline Powder by Chemometric X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis. // AAPS Pharm Sci. Tech. -2010 March; 11 (1): 204-211.
25. Ann Newman, Ph.D. X-ray Powder Diffraction in Solid Form Screening and Selection. September 1, 2011.
To cite this article: N. A. Ulashova, B. KH. Kucharov, A. U. Erkaev, R. N. Kim, A. M. Reimov. Physical and chemical studies of sulfate salts // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.48-55.
Received: 26.01.2024; Accepted: 31.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 544.01
N. А. Charikov, А.V.Rumyantsev, M. Yu. Matuzenko, V. А. Keskinov, B. S. Zakirov
DIAGRAMS OF SOLUBILITY OF “QUASI - SIMPLE“MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS. ALGORITHM OF CALCULATION FROM DATA THE BINARY SUB-SYSTEMS
1St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia) e-mail matuzenko@bk.ru 2B. A. Keskinov, associate professor East Kazakhstan State Technical University-Taim. D. Serikbaev, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070004, Kazakhstan 3B.S.Zakirov, ch. scientific associate of the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100170 Republic of Uzbekistan
Abstract. Background. The study of theoretical aspects of considering the solubility diagram of “quasi-simple” multicomponent systems that obey the Zdanovsky rule is relevant.
Purpose. Development of an original algorithm for calculating solubility diagrams.
Methodology. The functional dependences of the excess thermodynamic functions of the solubility diagrams of systems of arbitrary components are calculated.
Originality. A specific type of dependence of the incomplete Gibbs potential is determined and justified.
Findings. The algorithm for calculating solubility is confirmed by specific data from phase diagrams.
Key words: Zdanovsky's rules, “Quasisimple” systems, solubility diagrams, incomplete Gibbs potential, calculation algorithm.
Highlights:
- solubility diagrams of “quasi-simple” multicomponent systems that obey Zdanovsky’s rule are considered;
- cross differentiation conditions for the liquid phase under isother
References
1. A.B.Zdanovsky. Patterns in changes in the properties of mixed solutions. // Proceedings of the salt laboratory. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. -1936. -Issue 6. -70 p. (in Russian)
2. M.A. Ryazanov. Selected chapters of the theory of solutions. -Syktyvkar: SSU, 1997. -205 p. (in Russian)
3. G.I.Mikulin. Thermodynamics of mixed solutions of strong electrolytes. Questions of physical chemistry of electrolyte solutions. -L.: Chemistry, 1968. -P.202-231. (in Russian)
4. M.V.Charykov, N.A.Charykov. Thermodynamic modeling of evaporite sedimentation processes. -L.: Science. -2003. -261 p. (in Russian)
5. V.K. Filippov. Bulletin of Leningrad State University. Ser.: Physics and Chemistry. -1977. -N3. -P.98-105. (in Russian)
6. A.V. Storonkin. Thermodynamics of heterogeneous systems. Book 1. -L.: Leningrad State University. -1967; -467 pp. (in Russian)
7. A.V.Storonkin. Thermodynamics of heterogeneous systems. Book 2. -L.: Leningrad State University, 969. -270 p. (in Russian)
8. A.V.Storonkin. T.M. Kozina. Bulletin of Leningrad State University. Ser.: Fiz.Khim.-1979.-Issue.22. -106-107. (in Russian)
9. A. Munster. Chemical thermodynamics.-M.: Nauka, 1971.-340 p. (in Russian)
10. Korjinskii, A.D. Theoretical Bases of Mineral Paragenesis Analysis.-Nauka: Moscow, Russia, 1973.-288 p. (in Russian)
11. V.K.Filippov, V.A.Antonova. Bulletin of Leningrad State University. Ser.: Phys.Chem. -1978. -N4. -P.82-87. (in Russian)
12. V.K. Filippov, N.A. Charykov, N.D. Solechnik. //Journal of Applied Chemistry. -1985. -T. 58. -No. 9. -P. 1966-1970. (in Russian)
13. N. A. Charykov, A. A. Guryeva, etc. // Journal. Phys. Khim.-2023.-T.97. -No. 7.-P. 965–971. (in Russian)
14. A. V. Rumyantsev, A. A. Guryeva, etc.//Journal. Phys. Chem. -2023.-T.97.-No. 8.-P.1111–1118. (in Russian)
15. Pitzer, K.S. // J. Phys. Chem. -1973.-77.-268–277.
16. Pitzer, K.S.; Kim, J.J. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. -1974.-96.-5701–5707.
17. Filippov V.K., Charykov N.A., Rumyantsev A.V. // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. -1983. -T. 273. -No. 2. -P. 393-396. (in Russian)
18. V. K. Filippov. Aspects of Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Systems and Theory of Surface Phenomena, Collection of Articles. -Leningrad:LGU, 1973. -N 2.-P. 20-36.
19. V. K. Filippov and V. A. Sokolov. Aspects of Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Systems and Theory of Surface Phenomena, Collection of Articles. -Leningrad:LGU, 1988.-N 8. -P. 3-21.
20. Charykov N.A., Rumyantsev A.V., Charykova M.V. // Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. -1998. -T. 72. -No. 10. -S. 1577-1581.
21. Charykov N.A., Rumyantsev A.V., Charykova M.V. // Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A. -1998. -T. 72. -No. 1. -S. 32-36.
22. Nikolay A. Charykov, Alexey V. Rumyantsev et.al.Processes 2023.-V.11.-P.1405. -41 pages. https://doi.org/10.3390/tpr11051405
23. Charykov N.A., Charykova M.V., Semenov K. et al.Processes 2019.-V.7.-N.3. -P.148-161.
24. Spedding F.H., Weber H.O., Saeger V.W.et al.//J. Chem.Eng.Data. -1976. -V.21. -N3. -P.341.
25. Charykov N.A., Litvak A.M., Mikhailova M.P. and etc. Physics and technology of semiconductors. -1997. -T. 31. -No. 4. -P. 410. (in Russian)
26. Directory. Experimental data on the solubility of multicomponent systems. T.1. Book 1, 2. Ed. A.D. Pelsha. -L: Chemistry, 1972. -1089 p. (in Russian)
27. Sokolova N.P., Bagryantseva L.I., Potapova O.G. Izv. Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Series 4. -1979. -No. 9. -P. 79-84. (in Russian)
28. Directory. Experimental data on the solubility of multicomponent systems. T.2. Book 1, 2. Ed. A.D. Pelsha. -L: Chemistry, 1975. -1063 p. (in Russian)
To cite this article: N. А. Charikov, А.V.Rumyantsev, M. Yu. Matuzenko, V. А. Keskinov, B. S. Zakirov. Diagrams of solubility of “quasi - simple“multicomponent systems. algorithm of calculation from data the binary sub-systems // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.55-70.
Received: 26.01.2024; Accepted: 31.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UDK 615.776.547.29.297
Sh. K. Samandarov, R. R. Makhkamov, M. L. Nurmanova, F. R. Saidkulov
OBTAINING AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYMETHYL STARCH BASED ON CORN STARCH
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, E-mail: samandarovshuxrat228@gmail.com
Abstract. Background. Adsorbents are used in wastewater treatment technologies. Among the non-traditional “green”, effective adsorbents, starch and its derivatives stand out.
Purpose. Synthesis of sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) using local corn starch and sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid, determination of optimal conditions for its production.
Methodology. The carboxymethylation reaction of corn starch was carried out using the solid-phase method, and the resulting product was analyzed using physicochemical methods. The absorption of copper ions was determined by the spectrophotometric method.
Originality. In the synthesis of CMC, an increase in humidity by 15-20% was established, with the addition of isopropanol in water as a wetting agent, it increases the efficiency of the reaction, and its optimal conditions were identified.
Findings. Carboxymethyl starch was synthesized using local corn starch and sodium monochloroacetic acid as an esterifying agent, sodium hydroxide as a catalyst and isopropyl alcohol as a wetting agent. The optimal conditions for obtaining a product with a high degree of exchange of 0.92 using an economical method for the synthesis of KMC-Na were determined. It has been established that humidity increases by 15-20% with the addition of isopropanol. as a wetting agent in the synthesis of CMC, it increases the efficiency of the reaction. When the concentration of copper ions in the simulated water sample was 25 mg/l, the dose of CMC was 2 g/l, the degree of removal of copper ions reached 95.0%, and the adsorption capacity of CMC was 15.24 mg/g.
Key words: corn starch, carboxymethyl starch, adsorption, heavy metal ions, adsorption capacity, adsorption efficiency.
Highlights:
- synthesis of Na-CMS by the dry method with increasing humidity to 15-20%;
- the ability of Na-CMS to adsorb metal ions has been studied.
References
1. Akter, M.; Bhattacharjee, M.; Dhar, A.K.; Rahman, F.B.A.; Haque, S.; Ur Rashid, T.U.; Kabir, S.M.F. Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wastewater Treatment: A Concise Review. Gels 2021, 7, 30. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. García-Padilla, Á.; Moreno-Sader, K.A.; Realpe, Á.; Acevedo-Morantes, M.; Soares, J.B.P. Evaluation of Adsorption Capacities of Nanocomposites Prepared from Bean Starch and Montmorillonite. Sustain. Chem. Pharm. 2020, 17, 100292. [CrossRef]
3. Crini, G.; Lichtfouse, E. Advantages and Disadvantages of Techniques Used for Wastewater Treatment. //Environ. Chem. Lett. -2019. -17. -145–155. [CrossRef]
4. Qu, X.; Brame, J.; Li, Q.; Alvarez, P.J.J. Nanotechnology for a Safe and Sustainable Water Supply: Enabling Integrated Water Treatment and Reuse. Acc. Chem. Res. -2013. -46, 834–843.
5. Bădescu, I.S.; Bulgariu, D.; Ahmad, I.; Bulgariu, L. Valorisation Possibilities of Exhausted Biosorbents Loaded with Metal Ions—A Review. //J. Environ. Manag. -2018. -224, 288–297.
6. Gadd, G.M. Biosorption: Critical Review of Scientific Rationale, Environmental Importance and Significance for Pollution Treatment. //J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. -2009. -84, 13–28. [CrossRef]
7. Crini, G.; Badot, P.-M. Sorption Processes and Pollution: Conventional and Non-Conventional Sorbents for Pollutant Removal from Wastewaters; PUFC: Besançon, France, 2010.
8. Haq, F.; Mehmood, S.; Haroon, M.; Kiran, M.; Waseem, K.; Aziz, T.; Farid, A. Role of Starch Based Materials as a Bio-Sorbents for the Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metals from Wastewater.// J. Polym. Environ. -2022. -30, 1730–1748.
9. Haq, F.; Yu, H.; Wang, L.; Teng, L.; Haroon, M.; Khan, R.U.; Mehmood, S.; Bilal-Ul-Amin; Ullah, R.S.; Khan, A.; et al. Advances in Chemical Modifications of Starches and Their Applications.// Carbohydr. Res.- 2019. -476, 12–35.
10. Sekhavat Pour, Z.; Ghaemy, M. Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions from Water by Magnetic Hydrogel Beads Based on Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Carboxymethyl Starch-g-Poly(Vinyl Imidazole). RSC Adv. -2015. -5, 64106–64118.
11. Musarurwa, H.; Tavengwa, N.T. Application of Carboxymethyl Polysaccharides as Bio-Sorbents for the Sequestration of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environments. //Carbohydr. Polym. -2020. -237, 116142.
12. Sancey, B.; Trunfio, G.; Charles, J.; Minary, J.F.; Gavoille, S.; Badot, P.M.; Crini, G. Heavy Metal Removal from Industrial Effluents by Sorption on Cross-Linked Starch: Chemical Study and Impact on Water Toxicity. //J. Environ. Manag. -2011. -92, 765–772.
13. Samandarov Sh.K., Makhkamov R.R., Nurmanova M.L., Saidkulov F.R. Synthesis of colloidal chemical properties of surface-active derivatives of carboxylmethyl starch // Universum: chemistry and biology. -2023. -Part 2, 6 (108).
To cite this article: Sh. K. Samandarov, R. R. Makhkamov, M. L. Nurmanova, F. R. Saidkulov. Obtaining and adsorption properties of carboxymethyl starch based on corn starch // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.71-79.
Received: 05.01.2024; Accepted: 30.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 678.6.732.3.,678.5.:547(07), 677.027
S. Sh. Ernazarova, A. T. Juraev, Yu. H. Karimov, Sh. Sh. Ernazarov, A. I. Xudoyberdiev, A. B. Juraev
STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING MASTERBATCHES FOR DYING POLYESTER FIBERS BASED ON HOUSEHOLD POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE-CONTAINING WASTE
Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, E-mail: asror_tcti@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. In textile production, improving the physical and mechanical properties and durable coloring of products is relevant.
Purpose. To study the possibility of dyeing PET fibers based on masterbatches from VPET alcoholysis products and to study the physicochemical and technological properties of Pre Oriented Yarn (POY) fiber.
Methodology. Moisture absorption (GOST 10681-75), density (tex, calibrated weight (XB-620), specific tensile strength (cN/tex) (ASTM D1294, according to CND-16/0414, PROWHITE laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey), GOST were studied 6611.0.1.2-73 The percentage of fiber grease was determined in a YG981-III Fiber Grease Shredder, tested according to GB/T 6504-2008.
Originality. The possibility of using modified masterbatches based on VPET alcoholysis products for dyeing threads has been shown.
Findings. It is shown that the values of the indicators of relative strength, elongation at break, the proportion of lubricant, punta are comparable. In the case of using black masterbatch, it was found that in order to improve the color saturation, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the masterbatch.
Key words: masterbatches, color, recycled polyethylene terephthalate, fiber, production tests, performance properties.
Highlights:
- modified master concentrates based on alcoholysis products VPET;
- use of modified masterbatches for dyeing fibers;
- physico-chemical, technological, strength properties of the analogue.
References
1. Bykov A.N., Loginova T.F., Golubeva A.N., Mityushina V.I., Borodkin V.F. Study of colored low molecular weight polyethylene terephthalates.// Izv. universities Chemistry and chem. technology. -1967. -T. 10. - Issue. 11. -P. 1270-1273. (in Russian)
2. Preferred Fiber and Materials Market Report 2021: Technical report. // Textile Exchange. -2021. -Pp. 1-118.
3. Scheirs John., Long T.E. Modern Polyesters: Chemistry and Technology of Polyesters and Copolyesters. John Wiley and Sons, 1 September, 2005.-P. 784. https://books.google.com.gi/books?id=ZgxZ5vfxTkC&hl=es
4. Sule A.D., Bardhan M.K. Recycling of textile waste for environmental protection - An overview of some practical cases in the industry. // Indian Journal of Fiber and Textile Research. -2001.-Vol. 26. -P. 223-232.
5. Hori T., Kongdee A. Dyeing of PET/co-PP composite fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide. // Dyes and Pigments. -June 2014. -Vol. 105.-P. 163-166.
6. Marwa Sousii., Ramzi Khiari., Wafa Haddar., Mounir ZAGG., Nizar Meksi., Hatem Dhaouadi. Dyeing innovative Bicomponent Filament Fabrics (PET/PTT) by Disperse Dyestuffs: Characterization and Optimization Process. // Journal Processes. -2020. -Vol. 8. -No. 5. -P.501.
7. Wan Zhang., Xiaoqian Ji., and Yunjie Yin. //Textile Research Journal. -2018. -Vol. 89. -No. 9. -P. 1699-1711.
8. Bide M., Phaneuf M., Brown P., et. al. Modification of polyester for medical uses. In: Edwards JV., Buschle-Diller G., Goheen SC (eds) Modified polyester fibers with medical and specialty applications. -Netherlands: Springer, 2006. -P. 91-124.
9. Orhan M., Kut D., Gunesoglu C. Improving the Antibacterial Property of Polyethylene Terephthalate by Cold Plasma Treatment. //Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. -April 2012. -Vol. 32. -No. 2. -P. 293-304.
10. Goloveshkina O.V., Shipovskii I.Ya., Kabilov V.F. Modification of polyester threads to reduce flammability.// Fiber Chemestry. -2012. -Vol. 43. -P. 359-361.
11. Arulkumar S., Patil U.J. Study on water absorption and wick ability of modified polyester fabrics. //Pakistan Textile Journal. -2013. -Vol. 62. -No. 9. -P. 57-67.
12. Haroon A.M. Saeed., Yassir Eltahir., Yumin Xia., Wang Yimin. Properties of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET/hyperbranched polyester (HBPET) composite fibers. // Journal of the Textile Institute. -2014.-V. 106. -N. 6. -P. 601-610. DOI:10.1080/ 00405000.2014.930577
13. Bedanokov A.Yu., Beshtoev B.Z., Mikitaev M.A., Mikitaev A.K., Sazonov V.V. Polyethylene terephthalate: new directions for recycling. //Plastic masses.- 2009. -No. 6. -P. 18-21. http://www.petplast.ru.
14. ZhangY., Zhang H., Guo W., Wu C. Effects of different types of polyethylene on the morphology and properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polyethylene compatibilized blends. // Polym. Adv. Technol. -2011. -V. 22. -P. 1851-1858.
15. Chen S. C., Zhang X. M., Liu M., Ma J. P., Lu W. Y., Chen W. X. Rheological characterization and thermal stability of different intrinsic viscosity poly (ethylene terephthalate) in air and nitrogen. //International Polymer Processing. -5 September 2016. -Vol. 31. -No. 3. -P. 292-300.
16. Chen CH., Chen C.Y., Lo Y.W., Mao C.F., Liao W.T. Studies of glycolysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) recycled from postconsumer soft-drink bottles. I. Influences of glycolysis conditions. // Journal of Applied Polymer Science. -2001. -Vol. 80. -No. 7. -P. 943–948.
17. Ikladious N.E. Recycling of poly (terephthalate): Identification of glycolysis product. // Journal of Elastomers and Plastics. -2000. -Vol. 32. -No. 2. -P. 140–151.
18. Pardal F., Tersac G. Kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis by diethylene glycol. Part II: Effect of temperature, catalyst and polymer morphology. //Polymer Degradation Stability. -2007. -Vol.92. -No.4. -P.611–616.
19. Ernazarova Samida, Asror Juraev, and Muzafar Alimuhamedov. "Obtaining polyester fiber on the basis of secondary polyethylene terephthalate waste processed by different mechanical methods."//AIP Conference Proceedings. -Vol. 2432. -No. 1. -AIP Publishing. -2022.
20. Ernazarova Samida Shamsiddinovna, et al. “Technology for producing master batches based on alcoholysis products of recycled polyethylene terephthalate.” // News of higher educational institutions. Chemistry and Chemical Technology 66.4 (2023): 93-100. (in Russian)
21. Ganemulle Lekamalage Dharmasri Wickramasinghe and Peter William Foster. Investigation of the influence of effect-yarn draw and effect-yarn overfeed on texturing performance: comparison between air-jet and air-steam textured yarn.// Journal Fashion and textiles. -2 July 2014. -Vol. 1. -No. 5. -P. 1-16. http://link.springer.com/article/10/1186/s40691-014-0005-6
22. Mousazadegan F., Saharkhiz S., Maroufi M. Weight reduction of microfiber polyester fabric and the effect on its physical and mechanical properties. // The Journal of The Textile Institute. - 22 July 2010. -Vol. 101. -No. 8. -P. 716-728. DOI:10.1080/00405000902812685
23. Chuayjuljit S., Chaiwutthinan P., Raksaksri L and Boonmahitthisud A. Effects of poly (butylenes adipate co terephthalates) and ultra fined wollastonite on the physical properties and crystallization of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalates)// Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology. -2015. -Vol. 23. -P. 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21489
24. Szentivanyi N., Anna Ujhelyiova., Miroslava Mikusova., Mihalik M. Rheological properties of polyethylene terephthalate master batches prepared from regranulates.// Vlakna a Textil. -2013. -Vol. 20. -No. 3. -P. 3-9.S. Sh. Ernazarova, A. T. Juraev,
To cite this article: Yu. H. Karimov, Sh. Sh. Ernazarov, A. I. Xudoyberdiev, A. B. Juraev. Study of the possibility of obtaining masterbatches for dying polyester fibers based on household polyethylene terephthalate-containing waste // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.79-87.
Received: 24.01.2024; Accepted: 31.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***
UDK 676.2:675.81
N. R. Kadirova, A. S. Rafikov
THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF MODIFIED WASTE TANNED LEATHER AND WASTE PAPER
Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, E-mail: kadirova-nargis@mail.ru
Abstract. Background. Physico-chemical modification of leather production waste opens up the possibility of their use, which reduces the environmental load on the environment.
Purpose. Establishing a relationship between the components and strength of composite paper from modified leather and waste paper.
Methodology. Modification of fibrous waste in an alkaline solution, differential thermal analysis, testing of physical and mechanical properties.
Originality. An increase in the degree of leather cross-linking during the modification process was established, and the thermal and physical-mechanical properties of the composition were determined.
Findings. Alkaline treatment of chrome shavings promotes the appearance of new polar groups and an increase in the degree of cross-linking of the product. The thermal effects of the leather-waste paper-acrylic emulsion composite characterize the process of adhesion of the sizing agent to the fibers.
Key words: Waste paper, chrome shavings, alkali, paper, thermal effect, strength, bending.
Highlights:
- the heat resistance of treated leather is 8-10% higher than that of untreated leather;
- a thermal effect characteristic of the condensation reaction was identified - 452 J/g;
- the strength and bending of the modified composite increases.
References
1. Jalilov A.A. Spectroscopic study of the properties of multilayer cellulose composite materials for packaging.//UNIVERSIUM: Technical Sciences Scientific Journal. -2020; 5(74)
2. Mehmet Erdem. Chromium recovery from chrome shaving generated in tanning process. //Journal of Hazardous Materials. -2006.-129 (1-3).-143-146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.08.021
3. MarinaVidaurre-Arbizu,Silvia Pérez-Bou,AmaiaZuazua-Ros, César Martín-Gómez. From the leather industry to building sector: Exploration of potential applications of discarded solid wastes. //Journal of Cleaner Production.-2021.-291:125960 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125960
4. Jiri Pecha,Michaela Barinova,Karel Kolomaznik,Thanh Nhu Nguyen, Anh Tuan Dao,Van ThiLe. Technical and economic optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis when processing waste from chrome tanned leather production // Process Safety and Environmental Protection.-August 2021.-P. 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.009
5. Xiaoliang Ding, Bangquan Wei. Effect of collagen hydrolysate obtained from leather waste on the setting, hydration and crystallization process of gypsum.//Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistr.-2022.-110:158-167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.047
6. Ariana S.Popiolski,Carolina E.Demaman Oro, Juliana Steffens, César A.Bizzi, Daniel Santos, Keiti O.Alessio. Microwave extraction of chromium from tanned leather residues: a promising alternative for leather industry waste recycling // Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.-2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.107081 (in Russian)
7. Kadathur Ramachandran Ramya, Murali Sathish, Balaraman Madhan. Effective use of tannery hair waste to develop a highly effective retanning agent for cleaner leather production // Journal of Environmental Management.-2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114029 (in Russian)
8. Atanu Kumar Das,Md. Nazrul Islam,Md. Omar Faruk. Обзор дубильных веществ: процессы экстракции, применение и возможности // South African Journal of Botany.-2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.008
9. Katarzyna Chojnacka, Dawid Skrzypczak,Katarzyna Mikula.Progress in sustainable technologies of leather wastes valorization as solutions for the circular economy.//Journal of Cleaner Production.-2021; 313: 127902 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127902
10. A.Serrano-Lotina,R.Portela , P.Baeza,V.Alcolea-Rodriguez. Zeta potential as a tool for functional materials development. //Catalysis Today.-2023;423:113862 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.004
11. Q.Y.Zhu,M.H.Xie,J.Yang,Y.Q.Chen,K.Liao. Analytical determination of permeability of porous fibrous media with consideration of electrokinetic phenomena. //International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. -2012.-55(5-6): 1716-1723 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.11.026
12. S. J. Hashemi,S. Sidwall, W. J. Murray Douglas. Department of Paper drying: a strategy for higher machine speed. II. Impingement air drying for hybrid dryer sections.//Drying Technology.-2001.-19 (10): 2509-2530 https://doi.org/10.1081/DRT-100108251
13. Altaf H. Basta, Houssni El-saied. Novel Beater Additives for Paper.//International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials.-2006.-50(2), 185-205 https://doi.org/10.1080/00914030108035100
14. StigStenström. Drying of paper: A review 2000–2018.Drying Technology.2020; 38(7) 825-845 https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2019.1596949
15. Alice Cannon. Water-resistant adhesives for paper, 1870–1920.//Journal of the Institute of Conservation. -2015.-38(1):92-106 https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2014.997770
16. ZhibinHe ,AmitChowdhury , Li Tong, Mike Reynolds , Yonghao Ni. Cellulose Paper-based Strapping Products for Green/Sustainable Packaging Needs.//Paper and biomaterials.-2019.-4(3):54-68 http://pbm.ijournals.cn/ch/reader/view_ abstract.aspx?file_no=201903007&flag=1
17. Min Dai,Mingxing Sun,Bin Chen,HongyiXie,Dingfan Zhang,Zhixiu Han,Lan Yang, Yutao Wang. Advancing sustainability in China's pulp and paper industry requires coordinated raw material supply and waste paper management.//Resources, ConservationandRecycling.-2023.-198:107162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107162
18. Kadirova N, Rafikov A. Effect of alkaline treatment of chrome shavings on the properties of paper. //Uzbek-Kazakh Symposium “Modern problems of polymer science.”-202.-76-78 https://polchemphys.uz/i/photo/sbornik.pdf (in Russian)
19. Rafikov AS, KhakimovaMSh, Fayzullayeva DA, Reyimov AF (2020) Microstructure, morphology and strength of cotton yarns sized by collagen solution. Cellulose. 27(17): 10369-10384. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10570-020-03450-w
20. Кадирова Н.Р., Жураева Г.А., Рафиков А.С. IR spectroscopic study of modified fibrous mass. // Collection of international scientific and practical conference.-2023.-428-430 (in Russian)
21. Adham Salimovich Rafikov, Ozoda Muhammadsodik KiziY uldosheva, Sardorbek KhodjibaevichKarimov, Mukaddas Shamuratovna Khakimova. Three in one: sizing, grafting and fire retardant treatment for producing fire-resistant textile material.//Journal of Industrial Textiles.-2022.-51(5S)
22. Rafikov AS, Shirinova MX, Nigmatova FU, Abdusamatova DO. Membrane material based on acrylic emulsion and terry cloth for medical drapes.//Polymer Engineering and Science. -2023.-63(7): 2251-2264. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26374
23. Mehmet E. Chromium recovery from chrome shaving generated in tanning process.// JournalofHazardousMaterials. -2006.-129(1-3): 143-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.08.021
To cite this article: N. R. Kadirova, A. S. Rafikov. Thermal and mechanical properties of the composition of modified waste tanned leather and waste paper // Uzbek chemical journal. -2023. – Nr6. - Pp.87-94.
Received: 29.01.2024; Accepted: 31.01.2024; Published: 31.01.2024
***